Reinterpretation of the Meaning of Kufr and Its Relationship with Environmental Destruction: A Semantic Perspective by Toshihiko Izutsu

Abstract

This study departs from the main question: How can the meaning of Kufr be reinterpreted and how does it relate to environmental destruction from Toshihiko Izutsu's semantic perspective? The purpose of this study is to explain the dynamics of the meaning of Kufr in the Qur'an and to understand the reinterpretation of the meaning of kufr and its relation to environmental destruction (Toshihiko Izutsu's semantic perspective). Using a qualitative method based on literature study with the Qur'an as the primary source, supported by the works of Toshihiko Izutsu as well as classical and contemporary interpretations. The analysis was conducted through Izutsu's relational semantic approach, which includes basic meaning, relational meaning, semantic field, and conceptual opposites to trace the transformation of the meaning of ‘kufr’ towards a theocentric Qur'anic value system. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of kufr in the Qur'an cannot be reduced solely to a theological category opposed to îmân, but is a comprehensive moral concept with theological, ethical, social, and ecological implications. Semantic analysis shows that kufr is closely related to closing oneself off from the verses of Allah, denial of blessings (kufr al-ni‘mah), injustice (dzhulm), wastefulness (isrâf), and corruption (fasâd fî al-ardh). This relationship confirms that environmental destruction is not merely a technical-material issue, but a manifestation of a spiritual and moral crisis resulting from a loss of awareness of tawhid and neglect of humanity's stewardship. Thus, this study formulates the concept of ecological kufr as a form of denial of the divine order that governs the balance of the cosmos. The main difference between this study and previous works lies in its analytical focus, which directly links kufr to ecological issues through a relational semantic approach. Thus, this study offers a new perspective in Qur'anic studies by integrating theology, ethics, and ecology.